Miniaturized Fractal Antenna Design for 6-GHz 5G Advanced Communications
Main Article Content
Abstract
In this article, a miniaturized, low-profile fractal antenna is designed and prototyped for 6-GHz n104 band 5G advanced communications. Antenna miniaturization is achieved here by considering the random Sierpinski fractal concept and optimizing the structure with the genetic algorithm. Initially, the proposed antenna is designed and optimized using Ansys HFSS. Subsequently, the performance of the antenna is also tested for different atmospheric conditions in MATLAB real-time simulation environment for advanced 5G applications in the presence of foliage and rain. The proposed antenna resonates at 6.5 GHz with an impedance bandwidth of 380 MHz and a gain of 5.21 dBi. The antenna has a low size of 0.39 λ0 x 0.30 λ0 with a size reduction of 76% compared to its conventional design, where λ0 is the free space wavelength. The proposed low-profile antenna with balanced performance characteristics is found to be a suitable candidate for n104 band 5G advanced communications.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
References
A. Boukarkar, X. Q. Lin, Y. Jiang, and Y. Q. Yu, "Miniaturized Single-Feed Multiband Patch Antennas," in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 850-854, Feb. 2017. (doi: 10.1109/TAP.2016.2632620)
A. Motevasselian and W. G. Whittow, "Patch size reduction of rectangular microstrip antennas by means of a cuboid ridge," in IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, vol. 9, no. 15, pp. 1727-1732, 12 10 2015. (doi: 10.1049/iet-map.2014.0559)
V. V. Reddy and N. V. S. N. Sarma, "Compact Circularly Polarized Asymmetrical Fractal Boundary Microstrip Antenna for Wireless Applications," in IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 13, pp. 118-121, 2014. (doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2013.2296951)
J. Oh and K. Sarabandi, "A Topology-Based Miniaturization of Circularly Polarized Patch Antennas," in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 1422-1426, March 2013. (doi: 10.1109/TAP.2012.2231915)
H. X. Xu, G. M. Wang, J. G. Liang, M. Q. Qi and X. Gao, "Compact Circularly Polarized Antennas Combining Meta-Surfaces and Strong Space-Filling Meta-Resonators," in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 61, no. 7, pp. 3442-3450, July 2013. (doi: 10.1109/TAP.2013.2255855)
Y. Dong, H. Toyao and T. Itoh, "Design and Characterization of Miniaturized Patch Antennas Loaded with Complementary Split-Ring Resonators," in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 772-785, Feb. 2012. (doi: 10.1109/TAP.2011.2173120)
R. Rajkumar and K. U. Kiran, "A Metamaterial Inspired Compact Open Split Ring Resonator Antenna for Multiband Operation, " in Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 97, no. 1, pp. 951-965, 2017. (doi: 10.1007/s11277-017-4545-0)
R. Rajkumar and U. K. Kommuri, " A Triangular Complementary Split Ring Resonator Based Compact Metamaterial Antenna for Multiband Operation, " in Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 101, no. 2, pp. 1075-1089, 2018. (doi: 10.1007/s11277-018-5749-7)
R. Rajkumar and K. U. Kiran, " A Compact ACS-Fed Mirrored L-Shaped Monopole Antenna with SRR Loaded for Multiband Operation, " in Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, vol. 64, pp. 159-167, 2016. (doi: 10.2528/PIERC16031501)
V. Rajeshkumar, R. Rengasamy, P. V. Naidu, and A. Kumar, "A compact meta-atom loaded asymmetric coplanar strip-fed monopole antenna for multiband operation," in AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 98, pp. 241-247, 2019. (doi: 10.1016/j.aeue.2018.10.011)
Chul-Soo Kim, Jun-Seok Park, Dal Ahn, and Jae-Bong Lim, "A novel 1-D periodic defected ground structure for planar circuits," in IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 131-133, Apr 2000. (doi: 10.1109/75.846922)
M. Yang, Z. N. Chen, P. Y. Lau, X. Qing and X. Yin, "Miniaturized Patch Antenna With Grounded Strips," in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 843-848, Feb. 2015. (doi: 10.1109/TAP.2014.2382668)
J. Pei, A. G. Wang, S. Gao, and W. Leng, "Miniaturized Triple-Band Antenna With a Defected Ground Plane for WLAN/WiMAX Applications," in IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 10, pp. 298-301, 2011. (doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2011.2140090)
Mohammed Lamsalli, Abdelouahab El Hamichi, Mohamed Boussouis, Naima Amar Touhami, and Tajeddin Elhamadi, "Genetic Algorithm Optimization for Microstrip Patch Antenna Miniaturization," in PIER Lettors, Vol. 60, pp. 113-120, 2016. (doi:10.2528/PIERL16041907)
Taiwo Olawoye and Pradeep Kumar, "A High Gain Antenna with DGS for Sub-6 GHz 5G Communications," in Advanced Electromagnetics, vol. 11, pp. 41-50, 2022.
Ajithra.S, Maheswari.A, Vidhusharani.R, and Dr.C.Balamurugan, " Swastik Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna For C Band Wireless Applications," in Advanced Electromagnetics, vol. 45, pp. 1514-1520, 2024.
Ahmed Boutejdar, Mouloud Challal, Faiza Mouhouche, Kahina Djafri, and Saad Dosse Bennani, " Design and Fabrication of a Novel Quadruple-Band Monopole Antenna Using a U-DGS and Open-Loop-Ring Resonators," in Advanced Electromagnetics, vol. 6, pp. 59-63, 2017.
Hesham A. El Hakim and Hesham A. Mohamed, " Engineering planar antenna using geometry arrangements for wireless communications and satellite applications," in Advanced Electromagnetics, vol. 13, 2023.
Doae El Hadri, Asmaa Zugari, Alia Zakriti and Mohssine El Ouahabi, " Dual-Band MIMO Antenna with Four CPW Elements using Polarization Diversity for 5G Mobile Communication Networks and Satellite," in Advanced Electromagnetics, vol. 12, pp. 43-53, 2023.